Revista Mineira de Contabilidade

Editor's Note

Profa. Dra. Nálbia de Araújo Santos — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

Number 3 of volume 25 of the 3rd quarter of 2024 of the Journal of Accounting of Minas Gerais closes the cycle of celebrations of its 25th year. In 2024, in addition to having adopted a new layout for its cover, Journal of Accounting Of Minas Gerais began publishing partial editions containing articles in Portuguese and English. In addition, the RMC achieved a Q2 classification as a result of the 2023 Journal Impact indicator released by SPELL® (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library), which is maintained by Anpad (National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Administration).

JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING OF MINAS GERAIS

Informações Editoriais — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

Quarterly publication
Volume 25, n.3, september/december de 2024
ISSN 2446-9114

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN THE EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The scope of research related to investor sentiment and concepts connected to accounting and social media was explored to support the understanding of accounting trends and their needs in light of the evolution of behavioral market perception research. Through combined results from a bibliometric review, it is concluded that research on investor sentiment at the accounting level remains confined to the interdisciplinary aspect of finance, especially when placed within the realm of social media knowledge. This paper highlights the lack of branches in the study of investor sentiment within accounting and the rigidity of discussions surrounding accounting standards, practices, and information models, even in an era where the breadth of information can reach not only investors but also the general consumer directly. The present study suggests that accounting research should leverage investor sentiment, and the advances in capturing this variable through social media, in the context of evolving behavioral theories, also at a more internal and procedural level - techniques and methods of reporting - and within a managerial context.

ESG AND TAX AGGRESSIVENESS IN COMPANIES IN THE DIFFERENTIATED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEGMENTS

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

Many profitable companies have effective tax rates below the legal rate, indicating the application of aggressive tax planning. On the other hand, involvement in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues tends to produce higher standards of ethical behavior and compliance with the regulations required of companies, including compliance with tax regulations. In this sense, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between ESG performance indicators and tax aggressiveness of Brazilian companies that make up B3’s differentiate governance listing segments. The sample comprised 55 companies participating in Level 1, Level 2, and Novo Mercado from 2017 to 2021. The ESG metrics were collected from the Refinitiv® database, and the ETR (Effective Tax Rate) and ETR_DVA rate were considered as metrics of tax aggressiveness, the latter calculated based on the tax values reported in the Statement of Value Added (DVA). Regressions were performed with panel data, and the results confirmed the research hypothesis that ESG practices reduce the tax aggressiveness of companies based on the relationship between total ESG performance and ETR. However, a significant influence of ESG performance on tax aggressiveness cannot be inferred from the ETR_DVA metric, except for the environmental dimension of ESG. Additionally, considering the ESG governance dimension, there is no evidence that higher scores in the governance pillar influence tax aggressiveness practices.

DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE TAX LITIGATION IN BRAZILIAN COMPANIES

Antonio Lopo Martinez, Júlia Coutinho — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

This study identifies and analyzes the main determinants of tax litigation in Brazilian publicly traded companies, focusing on internal factors such as indebtedness, size, growth, profitability, liquidity, and business risk. The sample consists of 233 non-financial companies listed on the B3 (Brazilian stock exchange), examined from 2017 to 2022. Tax litigation was measured as the sum of tax provisions and tax contingent liabilities divided by total assets. Fixed effects regression results indicate that indebtedness is positively associated with tax litigation, supporting the hypothesis that more indebted companies tend to face more tax disputes. Conversely, company size showed a significant negative relationship with tax litigation, suggesting that larger companies have more robust governance systems that mitigate fiscal conflicts. Additionally, companies experiencing growth and with higher liquidity demonstrated lower propensity for tax litigation. These findings offer practical implications for managers in formulating strategies for fiscal risk management and capital structure, as well as contributing to the debate on policies aimed at simplifying the tax system and reducing conflicts between taxpayers and the tax authorities.

THE PUBLIC TRANSPARENCY AS A DETERMINANT OF THE FISCAL SITUATION OF MUNICIPALITIES OF MINAS GERAIS

Elizete Aparecida de Magalhães, Ediene Ramos Ferreira — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The present study analyzed the effect of the level of public transparency on the fiscal situation of municipalities in Minas Gerais, from 2017 to 2020. To this end, the panel data model was used, whose proxy for the fiscal situation was the Fiscal Management Index of the Federation of Industries of the State of Rio de Janeiro and, for transparency, the Municipal Management Transparency Index. The results showed a negative relationship between transparency and fiscal management performance. Furthermore, the findings indicated that variables associated with tax and economic development, health budget effort and urbanization rate contribute to better fiscal management. This research contributes to the improvement of municipal fiscal management, by concluding that a better level of transparency does not have the power to improve the fiscal situation, and that it can be optimized through economic and demographic variables.

PERCEPTION OF ACCOUNTING SCIENCES STUDENTS ABOUT INTEGRATED REPORTING

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

This study aims to analyze the perception of Accounting Sciences students regarding Integrated Reporting, considering aspects related to knowledge, academic relevance, and impacts on the accounting profession. The research, with a quantitative approach, involved 317 students from two public institutions in Ceará, using questionnaires to explore three dimensions: knowledge about Integrated Reporting, its academic relevance, and professional impacts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results show that students perceive a gap in their knowledge about the structure, concepts, and purposes of Integrated Reporting, but recognize the significant importance of academia in its implementation. Despite the lack of knowledge, they value Integrated Reporting as a relevant subject for their training, seen as beneficial for the accounting profession and essential for future professional competitiveness. Thus, it is concluded that it is the role of higher education institutions to promote reflection on Integrated Reporting in their curricular structures, given the relevance of the topic to the current organizational context. The lack of knowledge about Integrated Reporting, which was verified in the research, constitutes a competitive disadvantage in the job market, limiting the scope of professional activity of undergraduating students. Therefore, it is suggested that pedagogical projects be updated to include contemporary guidelines with a focus on sustainability, as is the case with Integrated Reporting.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAZILIAN CEOS AND RESULTS MANAGEMENT

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the specific characteristics and skills of Brazilian CEOs and Earnings Management, covering the period from 2016 to 2019 and focusing on non-financial companies listed on B3. A sample of 194 companies was used, and a multiple regression analysis with unbalanced panel data was conducted. Earnings management was measured using Pae’s model (2005). The descriptive analysis of the variables shows that the average age of CEOs is 53.63 years, with an average tenure of approximately two years, and CEOs who simultaneously hold the position of CEO and chairperson represent 44.90% of the sample. The average remuneration of Brazilian CEOs was R$ 3,248,286.00. Regarding the econometric results, significant findings were identified for three variables: duality, age, and participation in Board of Directors meetings, supporting hypotheses H2, H3, and H7. However, the variables of remuneration, gender, educational background, tenure, and family-related CEOs did not show statistical significance. This study contributes to expanding the understanding of how the specific characteristics and skills of managers can impact corporate outcomes. The findings offer potential benefits for organizations by encouraging reflection on the alignment between the profiles of hired CEOs and business strategies, as well as for financial analysts, who may use these results to enhance their understanding of accounting information. Additionally, it provides theoretical contributions to the emerging literature on this topic within the national context.

SUMMARY

Sumário — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

Organized list of titles and subtitles that make up the Journal of Accounting of Minas Gerais edition.

A RELEVÂNCIA DAS PESQUISAS EM CONTABILIDADE APLICADA À PRÁTICA PROFISSIONAL

Eliseu Martins, Eduardo Flores — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

A contabilidade, enquanto área de conhecimento e prática profissional, é frequentemente associada a um conjunto de normas e técnicas que visam fornecer informações financeiras relevantes para a tomada de decisão. No entanto, o papel dos profissionais de contabilidade vai muito além do registro de transações e preparação de demonstrações financeiras. A verdadeira essência da profissão está em sua capacidade de influenciar positivamente os negócios e a sociedade, o que torna essencial que contadores e pesquisadores contribuam para a evolução do campo, desenvolvendo estudos voltados a questões emergentes da prática profissional.

REGULATION GAMES

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

This teaching case discusses windfall tax regulation from the perspective of Regulation Theory. The dilemma of the case involves the controversies inherent to the promulgation of regulation 2022/1854 of the Council of the European Union (CUE, 2022), initially adopted by Portugal for companies in the energy sector. Specifically, the case deals with the perspective of businesspeople and investors, affected by the regulation, who seek to lobby in order to defend their interests with the European Union bloc. The teaching case allows undergraduate and postgraduate students in Accounting, Administration, Economics, International Relations and Law to discuss the various aspects of Regulation Theory, such as: public interest, interest groups and capture. Furthermore, it provides students with the possibility of discussing the contradictory aspects surrounding the concept of lobbying.